Bandura Theory of Social Learning

attainment is a br another(prenominal)ly process and we discipline with inter drillion with others in our day to day life. Prior to 1960, theories of reading were heavily influenced by deportmentistic and cognitivist theories. But Albert Banduras well-disposed knowledge Theory posits that tribe chink from one a nonher via poster, imitation, and amazeing. The social encyclopedism possible action has often been called a bridge between behaviorist and cognitive attaining theories because it includes anxiety, memory, and motivation.As a government issue it is sometimes called social cognitive nurture. While rooted in many an(prenominal) of the basic concepts of traditional nurture supposition, Bandura believed that top strengthener could not bank note for all images of breeding. His theory added a social element, arguing that people burn down learn new information and behaviors by watching other people known as data-based learning (or mock uping). The social learning theory emphasizes the importance of observing and determineing the behaviors, attitudes and emotional reactions of others. Thus it focuses on learning by expression and imitate. Social learning theory talks almost how twain environmental and cognitive factors interact to influence human learning and behavior. It focuses on the learning that occurs within a social context. It considers that people learn from one another.In Social Context Behavioral factors + Cognitive factors - Social scholarshipMeaning jibe to Albert Bandura (1977), In social learning theory, behavior is learned from the environment through with(predicate) the process of observational learning. Social learning is the process in which case-by-cases line up the behavior of others and its consequences, and modify their own behavior accordingly.Banduras theory of social learning Basic Social Learning Concepts There are trey core concepts at the heart of social learning theory. 1) Learning through observation 2) Intrinsic Reinforcement 3) Change in behavior is not necessary for learning 1) Learning through Observation (Observational Learning) In 1961, Bandura demo the now-famous Bobo razzing experiments. The Bobo doll is a child-sized inflatable doll with a dull bottom that causes it to pop back up after being knocked down. In the first stage of these studies, preschool-aged children were divided into three convocations one group that discover an adult ( feign) behaving aggressively towards the Bobo doll (punching, kicking, striking with a mallet, yelling), another group that sight the adult bleeding peacefully, and a control group. Each instrumentalist viewed their assigned scenario individually.Later, the child was allowed to play independently in the play needion which contained a variety of aggressive and non-aggressive toys, including the Bobo doll. Participants acts of verbal and physical aggression toward the Bobo doll were then recorded. Results revealed sig nificant group differences, such(prenominal) that children exposed to the aggressive model were more likely to imitate what they had seen and be ingest aggressively toward the doll. Bandura argued that the results supported that children could quickly acquire novel behaviors through the process of observation and imitation, and this occurred even in the absence of any kind of reinforcement.In a 1963, Bandura demonstrated that children imitated aggressive behavior witnessed on video, in addition to live observation, and children also imitated aggressive behaviors enacted by a cartoon character. (In his famous Bobo doll experiment, Bandura demonstrated that children learn and imitate behaviors they have observed in other people.The children in Banduras studies observed an adult acting violently toward a Bobo doll. When the children were later allowed to play in a room with the Bobo doll, they began to imitate the aggressive actions they had previously observed.)Social learning theor y draws heavily on the concept of modeling, Bandura identified three types of models1) Live model An actual person is demonstrating the desired behavior.2) Verbal instructional Model An individual explains and describes the desired behavior in details.3) Symbolic Model molding occurs by means of the media including movies, television, Internet, literature and radio.Stimuli can be either real or fictional characters. Mental States are consequential to learning (IntrinsicReinforcement) An additional study, promulgated in 1965, showed that witnessing the model being punished for the aggressive behavior decreased the likelihood that children would imitate the behavior, a process he referred to as vicarious reinforcement. At the same time, Bandura noted that internal rewards such as pride, satisfaction, sense impression of accomplishment also influence the learning which he described as intrinsic reinforcement.Learning does not necessarily lead to a change in behaviour While beha viorist believed that learning led to a stable change in behaviour, social learning demonstrates that people can learn new information without demonstrating new behaviours.Key Principles of social learning theory 1) Learning is not purely behavioral rather, it is a cognitive process that takes consecrate in a social context.2) Learning can occur by observing a behavior and by observing the consequences of the behavior (vicarious reinforcement).3) Learning involves observation, extraction of information from those observations, and making decisions about the performance of the behavior (observational learning or modeling). Thus, learning can occur without an observable change in behavior.4) Reinforcement plays a role in learning but is not entirely responsible for learning.5) The learner is not a passive liquidator of information. science, environment, and behavior all mutually influence each other (reciprocal determinism).The Modeling Process Not all observed behaviors are eff ectively learned. Factors involving both the model and the learner can play a role in whether social learning is successful. Certain requirements and steps essential also be followed. The following steps are involved in the observational learning and modeling process 1) Attention I Never seen or knackting this BeforeIn order to learn, you need to be paying maintenance. Anything that detracts your attention is going to have a negative effect on observational learning. If the model interesting or there is a novel aspect to the situation, you are far more likely to dedicate your full attention to learning. 2) Retention I Figured Out What I have to doThe ability to store information is also an important part of the learning process. Retention can be affected by a add up of factors, but the ability to pull up information later and act on it is vital to observational learning. 3) Reproduction Why Not Do It? It Worked Out Fine for others Once you have paid attention to the model and retained the information, it is time to actually perform the behavior you observed. Further practice of the learned behavior leads to improvement and skill advancement. 4) Motivation This action is large(p) me satisfactionFinally, in order for observational learning to be successful, you have to be motivated to imitate the behavior that has been modeled. Reinforcement and punishment play an important role in motivation. While experiencing these motivators can be passing effective, so can observing other experience some type of reinforcement or punishment. For example, if you see another student rewarded with extra trust for being to class on time, you might start to show up a few minutes early each day. Vicarious reinforcement behavior is acceptableVicarious punishment behavior is unacceptable Implications Learning by observation (models) students learn simply by observing other people. Modeling provides an resource to shaping for didactics new behaviors. Instead of using sha ping, which is operant conditioning, modeling can provide a faster, more efficient means for teaching new behavior. To promote effective modeling a teacher must make sure that the four essential conditions exist attention, retention, motor reproduction, and motivation. Cognition plays a role in learningLearning can occur without change in behavior Teachers and parents must model arrogate behaviors and take care that they get dressedt model inappropriate ones. Teachers should expose students to a variety of other models. Students must believe that they are capable of accomplishing school tasks. Teachers should help students set realistic expectations for their academic accomplishments. Self-regulation techniques provide effective methods for improving behavior. Describing the consequences of behavior increases appropriate behavior and decreases inappropriate ones. ExamplesAdvertisements/TV commercials are the most common examples of Social Learning Theory. We observe (watch) them, and then copy them. Commercials suggest that drinking a certain beverage or using a particular wash will make us popular and win the admiration of fascinating people. Depending upon the component processes involved (such as attention or motivation), we may model the behavior shown in the commercial and buy the product being advertised. vocabulary learning is another common example of Social Learning Theory. A student tries to imitate or mimic his/her teacher while the teacher demonstrates.Conclusion In addition to influencing other psychologists, Banduras social learning theory has had important implication in the field of education. The social learning theory proposed by Albert Bandura (1925) has become perhaps the most influential theory of learning and development. Today, both teachers and parents recognize the importance of modeling appropriate behaviors. Other classroom strategies such as encouraging children and building self-efficacy are also rooted in social learning theo ry.Social learning theory posits that knowledge acquisition is a cognitive process that takes place in a social context and can occur purely through observation or direct instruction, even in the absence of motor reproduction or direct reinforcement. In addition to the observation of behavior, learning also occurs through the observation of rewards and punishments, a process known as of vicarious reinforcement.